HISTORICAL DRAWING · c. 1482
Water-raising machines
How much shaft power lifts a chosen water flow?

A contemporary sketch model
Every number below is a modern illustrative assumption. The historical drawing supplies a question; the source model is an exercise in reasoning about it.
rho = 1000 kg/m^3 "Illustrative water density"
g = 9.81 m/s^2
flow = 0.002 m^3/s in 0.001..0.005 ± 10% "Modern illustrative flow"
head = 3 m "Assumed lift height"
efficiency = 0.45 "Assumed overall efficiency"
pumpPower := rho*g*flow*head/efficiency [W]
check drive: pumpPower <= 200 W
sweep Flow: flow = 0.001, 0.002, 0.005 m^3/sModel limits
A steady hydraulic power budget; no gear motion, cavitation or pump curve. Efficiency is assumed.
Explore it with your agent
Create a Study, inspect the installed capabilities, and use this source as a starting point. Ask the agent to explain the equations and assumptions, then replace illustrative inputs with measured evidence for your own design.
This example includes a scalar sweep. Use napkin_sketch to add the model and napkin_run to inspect the sweep; the source editor’s scalar comparison view is for simple scenarios.